Starting here, the Karl-Marx-Allee heads east, an avenue lined by monumental residential buildings, designed in the Socialist Classicism style. The Museum Island in the River Spree houses five museums built from 1830 to 1930 and is a UNESCO World Heritage site. There are several joint projects with many other cities, such as Beirut, Belgrade, São Paulo, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Amsterdam, Johannesburg, Mumbai, Oslo, Hanoi, Shanghai, Seoul, Sofia, Sydney, New York City and Vienna. [161] Berlin is number 8 at the Global Power City Index. The Berlin Hauptbahnhof is the largest grade-separated railway station in Europe. [103] A portion of the African immigrants have settled in the Afrikanisches Viertel. After 1949 the system was split into two separated networks. The Museum für Naturkunde (Berlin's natural history museum) exhibits natural history near Berlin Hauptbahnhof. [1] Berlin's economy is dominated by the service sector, with around 84% of all companies doing business in services. [139] ResearchGate, a global social networking site for scientists, is based in Berlin. [146], Among the 10 largest employers in Berlin are the City-State of Berlin, Deutsche Bahn, the hospital providers Charité and Vivantes, the Federal Government of Germany, the local public transport provider BVG, Siemens and Deutsche Telekom.[147]. [44] Under the rule of Frederick II, Berlin became a center of the Enlightenment, but also, was briefly occupied during the Seven Years' War by the Russian army. The Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin are the largest World Heritage Site in Germany. [68], The legal basis for a combined state of Berlin and Brandenburg is different from other state fusion proposals. [11] The city lies in the Central German dialect area, the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects. Invented in Berlin, currywurst is an icon of German popular culture and cuisine. The city's appearance today has been predominantly shaped by the key role it played in Germany's history during the 20th century. [224][225] Today, in addition to a positive atmosphere in the wider club scene, the city again has a huge number of queer clubs and festivals. [124] The state owns extensive assets, including administrative and government buildings, real estate companies, as well as stakes in the Olympic Stadium, swimming pools, housing companies, and numerous public enterprises and subsidiary companies.[125][126]. [65] Due to the fall in passenger numbers resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, plans were announced to temporarily close BER's Terminal 5, the former Schönefeld Airport, beginning in March 2021 for up to one year. 01280. The Charité complex (Universitätsklinik Charité) is the largest university hospital in Europe, tracing back its origins to the year 1710. [77][78] This type of climate features moderate summer temperatures but sometimes hot (for being semicontinental) and cold winters but not rigorous most of the time. It is the only observation tower which stands on insulators and has a restaurant 55 m (180 ft) and an observation deck 126 m (413 ft) above ground, which is reachable by a windowed elevator. [250], Potsdam is on the southwestern periphery of Berlin. While the Frankish Realm was primarily inhabited by Germanic tribes like the Franks and the Saxons, the regions east of the border rivers were inhabited by Slavic tribes. [31], In 1740, Frederick II, known as Frederick the Great (1740–1786), came to power. The course of the Havel is more like a chain of lakes, the largest being the Tegeler See and the Großer Wannsee. Treptower Park, beside the Spree in Treptow, features a large Soviet War Memorial. Februar", "BVG will verlängerte U5 am 4. [109], There are more than 20 non-indigenous communities with a population of at least 10,000 people, including Turkish, Polish, Russian, Lebanese, Palestinian, Serbian, Italian, Indian, Bosnian, Vietnamese, American, Romanian, Bulgarian, Croatian, Chinese, Austrian, Ukrainian, French, British, Spanish, Israeli, Thai, Iranian, Egyptian and Syrian communities. [26] Since the Ber- at the beginning sounds like the German word Bär ("bear"), a bear appears in the coat of arms of the city. Clim Change 92: 99–107, Last edited on 15 December 2022, at 16:48, Germany's third-largest metropolitan region, heat stored by the city's buildings and pavement, Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO), Member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Union of Evangelical Free Church Congregations in Germany, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Berlin's 12 boroughs and their 96 neighborhoods, List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany, Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, International Congress and Convention Association, largest power plants measured by capacity, Universities and research institutions in Berlin, Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology, European Institute of Innovation and Technology, "Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg – Statistiken", "Amt für Statistik Berlin Brandenburg – Bevölkerung", "Bevölkerungsanstieg in Berlin und Brandenburg mit nachlassender Dynamik", "Bruttoinlandsprodukt – in jeweiligen Preisen – 1991 bis 2021", "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab", "Leipzig überholt bei Einwohnerzahl Dortmund – jetzt Platz 8 in Deutschland", "Anteil öffentlicher Grünflächen in Berlin", "Topographies of Class: Modern Architecture and Mass Society in Weimar Berlin (Social History, Popular Culture and Politics in Germany)", "Revealed: Cities that rule the world – and those on the rise", "Sites and situations of leading cities in cultural globalisations/Media", "ICCA publishes top 20 country and city rankings 2007", "Berlin Beats Rome as Tourist Attraction as Hordes Descend", "Hollywood Helps Revive Berlin's Former Movie Glory", "The Monocle Quality of Life Survey 2015", "Berlin ist älter als gedacht: Hausreste aus dem Jahr 1174 entdeckt", "Berlin dig finds city older than thought", "Stadtgründung Und Frühe Stadtentwicklung", "Berlin – auf dem Weg zur geteilten Stadt", "Ostpolitik: The Quadripartite Agreement of September 3, 1971", "Berlin Mayoral Contest Has Many Uncertainties", "Allied Soldiers March to Say Farewell to Berlin", "IS reklamiert Attacke auf Weihnachtsmarkt für sich", "Berlin attack: First aider dies 5 years after Christmas market murders", "Berlin's Tegel airport: A love letter as it prepares to close", "BER schließt Terminal in Schönefeld am 23. The city can be viewed from its 204-meter-high (669 ft) observation floor. [210] The Kupferstichkabinett Berlin (Museum of Prints and Drawings) is part of the Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin (Berlin State Museums) and the Kulturforum at Potsdamer Platz in the Tiergarten district of Berlin's Mitte district. German is one of 24 languages of the European Union,[110] and one of the three working languages of the European Commission. Until 2008, Berlin was also served by the smaller Tempelhof Airport, which functioned as a city airport, with a convenient location near the city center, allowing for quick transit times between the central business district and the airport. [141] Within the Eurozone, Berlin has become a center for business relocation and international investments. In 2014, the German capital registered a migration surplus of approximately 40,000 people.[101]. [213] The German Museum of Technology in Kreuzberg has a large collection of historical technical artifacts. Berlin's built-up area creates a microclimate, with heat stored by the city's buildings and pavement. Berlin maintains official partnerships with 17 cities. The city has a high density of internationally renowned research institutions, such as the Fraunhofer Society, the Leibniz Association, the Helmholtz Association, and the Max Planck Society, which are independent of, or only loosely connected to its universities. It formed most of the territory that comprises modern Berlin and increased the population from 1.9 million to 4 million. Berliners would achieve seven gold, twelve silver and three bronze medals.[263]. Many Classical buildings line the street, and part of Humboldt University is there. [3] The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region has around 6.2 million inhabitants and is Germany's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions.[10]. The sector comprises music, film, advertising, architecture, art, design, fashion, performing arts, publishing, R&D, software,[155] TV, radio, and video games. The Charité Medical School has around 8,000 students. More than 337,000 families with children under the age of 18 lived in Berlin. Albert Einstein rose to public prominence during his years in Berlin, being awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921. The airport grounds have since been turned into a city park. Berlin's executive body is the Senate of Berlin (Senat von Berlin). [167] In 2013, 1.344 million motor vehicles were registered in the city. [257], The annual Berlin Marathon – a course that holds the most top-10 world record runs – and the ISTAF are well-established athletic events in the city. In 1933, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. [186] Deutsche Bahn is planning to introduce Wi-Fi services in long-distance and regional trains in 2017. In 1539, the electors and the city officially became Lutheran. Prenez RDV en ligne avec Dr MARINE PICQUART, Médecin généraliste au 15 Rue SAVORGNAN DE BRAZZA pour vous ou vos proches à son cabinet. [247], The Tiergarten park in Mitte, with landscape design by Peter Joseph Lenné, is one of Berlin's largest and most popular parks. Connexion Saisissez votre email ou téléphone: Suivant . In 2009, approximately 249,000 Muslims were reported by the Office of Statistics to be members of mosques and Islamic religious organizations in Berlin,[115] while in 2016, the newspaper Der Tagesspiegel estimated that about 350,000 Muslims observed Ramadan in Berlin. The Reichstag building is the traditional seat of the German Parliament. [234] The Kookaburra and the Quatsch Comedy Club are known for satire and comedy shows. speech, is in Tempelhof-Schöneberg. Among famous streets, Unter den Linden and Friedrichstraße are found in the city's old city centre (and were included in the former East Berlin). The fusion had the near-unanimous support by a broad coalition of both state governments, political parties, media, business associations, trade unions and churches. Gerstengarbe FW, Werner PC (2009) A short update on Koeppen climate shifts in Europe between 1901 and 2003. [12] In 1307, they formed an alliance with a common external policy, their internal administrations still being separated. Located in Mitte, KW Institute for Contemporary Art, KOW, Sprüth Magers; Kreuzberg there are a few galleries as well such as Blain Southern, Esther Schipper, Future Gallery, König Gallerie. Spring and autumn are generally chilly to mild. The Senate consists of the Governing Mayor (Regierender Bürgermeister), and up to ten senators holding ministerial positions, two of them holding the title of "Mayor" (Bürgermeister) as deputy to the Governing Mayor. Substantial parts of present-day Berlin extend onto the low plateaus on both sides of the Spree Valley. The city is also home of the German Film Academy (Deutsche Filmakademie), founded in 2003, and the European Film Academy, founded in 1988. [133] The Federal Foreign Office and the ministries and departments of Defense, Justice and Consumer Protection, Finance, Interior, Economic Affairs and Energy, Labor and Social Affairs, Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Food and Agriculture, Economic Cooperation and Development, Health, Transport and Digital Infrastructure and Education and Research are based in the capital. German is the official and predominant spoken language in Berlin. It combines 20th-century traditions with the modern architecture of today's Berlin. [172], Berlin is served by one commercial international airport: Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER), located just outside Berlin's south-eastern border, in the state of Brandenburg. The Allies dropped 67,607 tons of bombs on the city, destroying 6,427 acres of the built-up area. [94][95] Also on the island and next to the Lustgarten and palace is Berlin Cathedral, emperor William II's ambitious attempt to create a Protestant counterpart to St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. [236] Berlin is well known for its offerings of vegetarian[237] and vegan[238] cuisine and is home to an innovative entrepreneurial food scene promoting cosmopolitan flavors, local and sustainable ingredients, pop-up street food markets, supper clubs, as well as food festivals, such as Berlin Food Week. The National Socialist regime embarked on monumental construction projects in Berlin as a way to express their power and authority through architecture. The Volkspark in Friedrichshain, which opened in 1848, is the oldest park in the city, with monuments, a summer outdoor cinema and several sports areas. Berlin's nightlife has been celebrated as one of the most diverse and vibrant of its kind. The wireless networks are concentrated mostly in central districts; 650 hotspots (325 indoor and 325 outdoor access points) are installed. [219] The leftover stretch along the Spree river in Friedrichshain remains as the East Side Gallery. The East Side Gallery is an open-air exhibition of art painted directly on the last existing portions of the Berlin Wall. Berlin became the capital of the new Kingdom,[43] replacing Königsberg. Generating a revenue of 15.6 billion Euro and 6% of all private economic sales, the culture industry grew from 2009 to 2014 at an average rate of 5.5% per year.[156]. [47], The Industrial Revolution transformed Berlin during the 19th century; the city's economy and population expanded dramatically, and it became the main railway hub and economic center of Germany. [105], In December 2019, there were 777,345 registered residents of foreign nationality and another 542,975 German citizens with a "migration background" (Migrationshintergrund, MH),[98] meaning they or one of their parents immigrated to Germany after 1955. Some of the most visited places in Berlin include: Potsdamer Platz, Brandenburger Tor, the Berlin wall, Alexanderplatz, Museumsinsel, Fernsehturm, the East-Side Gallery, Schloss-Charlottenburg, Zoologischer Garten, Siegessäule, Gedenkstätte Berliner Mauer, Mauerpark, Botanical Garden, Französischer Dom, Deutscher Dom and Holocaust-Mahnmal. From 1470, with the new elector Albrecht III Achilles, Berlin-Cölln became the new royal residence. Each of which publishes books, periodicals, and multimedia products. [33] During the 15th century, his successors established Berlin-Cölln as capital of the margraviate, and subsequent members of the Hohenzollern family ruled in Berlin until 1918, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of Prussia, and eventually as German emperors. There are seven symphony orchestras in Berlin. In 1861, neighboring suburbs including Wedding, Moabit and several others were incorporated into Berlin. It is the largest museum of the graphic arts in Germany and at the same time one of the four most important collections of its kind in the world. The protests of the town citizens against the building culminated in 1448, in the "Berlin Indignation" ("Berliner Unwille"). Many residents strongly identify with their neighborhoods, colloquially called Kiez. [40], By 1700, approximately 30 percent of Berlin's residents were French, because of the Huguenot immigration. Zoologischer Garten Berlin, the older of two zoos in the city, was founded in 1844. With an area of 43 hectares (110 acres) and around 22,000 different plant species, it is one of the largest and most diverse collections of botanical life in the world. [58] Berlin was completely divided. Foreign residents of Berlin originate from about 190 countries. Berlin's urban area, which has a population of around 4.5 million, is the second most populous urban area in Germany after the Ruhr. Espace rendez-vous. This was a successful attempt to centralise the capital in the very far-flung state, and it was the first time the city began to grow. The World Health Summit and several international health-related conventions are held annually in Berlin. A large crypt houses the remains of some of the earlier Prussian royal family. Museum Berggruen houses the collection of noted 20th century collector Heinz Berggruen, and features an extensive assortment of works by Picasso, Matisse, Cézanne, and Giacometti, among others. [173] Previously set to open in 2012, after extensive delays and cost overruns, it opened for commercial operations in October 2020. [32] Officially, the Berlin-Cölln palace became permanent residence of the Brandenburg electors of the Hohenzollerns from 1486, when John Cicero came to power. Cabinet Médical Bergerac Cyrano - 24100 BERGERAC. The Greater Berlin Act in 1920 incorporated many suburbs and surrounding cities of Berlin. All of these power stations generate electricity and useful heat at the same time to facilitate buffering during load peaks. Clubs are not required to close at a fixed time during the weekends, and many parties last well into the morning or even all weekend. Turkish and Arab immigrants brought their culinary traditions to the city, such as the lahmajoun and falafel, which have become common fast food staples. Accueil / Connexion; Espace patient. The number of deaths was 32,314. In the early 20th century, Berlin had become a fertile ground for the German Expressionist movement. [218] The Berlin Wall itself has become one of the largest open-air canvasses in the world. Its 3.7 million inhabitants make it the European Union's most populous city, according to population within city limits. A private museum venture exhibits a comprehensive documentation of detailed plans and strategies devised by people who tried to flee from the East. Berlin has three major opera houses: the Deutsche Oper, the Berlin State Opera, and the Komische Oper. [139] The historic Babelsberg Studios and the production company UFA are adjacent to Berlin in Potsdam. These subdistricts became urbanized and incorporated into the city later on. The council is elected by the borough assembly (Bezirksverordnetenversammlung). [139][208] The ensemble on the Museum Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is in the northern part of the Spree Island between the Spree and the Kupfergraben. [79][78], Due to its transitional climate zones, frosts are common in winter, and there are larger temperature differences between seasons than typical for many oceanic climates. In 2018, the GDP of Berlin totaled €147 billion, an increase of 3.1% over the previous year. Berlin is the central location to several international and regional television and radio stations. Furthermore, Berlin is the seat of many Orthodox cathedrals, such as the Cathedral of St. Boris the Baptist, one of the two seats of the Bulgarian Orthodox Diocese of Western and Central Europe, and the Resurrection of Christ Cathedral of the Diocese of Berlin (Patriarchate of Moscow). Berlin is home to many magazine, newspaper, book, and scientific/academic publishers and their associated service industries. The act increased the area of Berlin from 66 to 883 km2 (25 to 341 sq mi). The Berliner Urstromtal (an ice age glacial valley), between the low Barnim Plateau to the north and the Teltow plateau to the south, was formed by meltwater flowing from ice sheets at the end of the last Weichselian glaciation. [227][228] The Karneval der Kulturen (Carnival of Cultures), a multi-ethnic street parade, is celebrated every Pentecost weekend. [106] 48 percent of the residents under the age of 15 have migration background. Today ethnic Germans from countries of the former Soviet Union make up the largest portion of the Russian-speaking community. The Straße des 17. The bridge was completed in a brick gothic style in 1896, replacing the former wooden bridge with an upper deck for the U-Bahn. Berlin has Germany's largest number of daily newspapers, with numerous local broadsheets (Berliner Morgenpost, Berliner Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel), and three major tabloids, as well as national dailies of varying sizes, each with a different political affiliation, such as Die Welt, Neues Deutschland, and Die Tageszeitung. Although it was possible for Westerners to pass to the other side through strictly controlled checkpoints, for most Easterners, travel to West Berlin or West Germany was prohibited by the government of East Germany. Discussions about moving the remaining ministries and departments to Berlin continue. Accueil / Connexion; Espace patient. The Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) and the Deutsche Bahn (DB) manage several extensive urban public transport systems.[171]. [63][64], Berlin Brandenburg Airport (BER) opened in 2020, nine years later than planned, with Terminal 1 coming into service at the end of October, and flights to and from Tegel Airport ending in November. This will be the first time Germany has ever hosted the Special Olympics World Games. In 2018, the New York Times described Berlin as "arguably the world capital of underground electronic music". It began construction in 2006, with the intention of replacing Tegel Airport (TXL) and Schönefeld Airport (SXF) as the single commercial airport of Berlin. By the 1920s, gays and lesbians had an unprecedented visibility. The Beate Uhse Erotic Museum claimed to be the largest erotic museum in the world until it closed in 2014.[215][216]. [98] The government keeps a register of members of these churches for tax purposes, because it collects church tax on behalf of the churches. [142][143], Many German and international companies have business or service centers in the city. Both airports together handled 29.5 million passengers in 2015. In 2006, the FIFA World Cup Final was held in Berlin. At the end of the First World War in 1918, a republic was proclaimed by Philipp Scheidemann at the Reichstag building. [131] Berlin is the seat of the German Chancellor (Prime Minister), housed in the Chancellery building, the Bundeskanzleramt. Le port du masque reste obligatoire dans la salle d'attente et dans les cabinets médicaux. Due to its location in the European Plain, Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. John F. Kennedy gave his "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech on 26 June 1963, in front of the Schöneberg city hall, located in the city's western part, underlining the US support for West Berlin. In the 1990s the Aussiedlergesetze enabled immigration to Germany of some residents from the former Soviet Union. [163] According to the 2019 study by Forschungsinstitut Prognos, Berlin was ranked number 92 of all 401 regions in Germany. [185] The FU, the HU, the TU, and the Charité make up the Berlin University Alliance, which has received funding from the Excellence Strategy program of the German government. It also runs an airport express rail service, as well as trains to several international destinations like Vienna, Prague, Zürich, Warsaw, Wrocław, Budapest and Amsterdam. Accueil / Connexion; Espace patient. [245] It was the home of the captive-born celebrity polar bear Knut. [45] Following France's victory in the War of the Fourth Coalition, Napoleon Bonaparte marched into Berlin in 1806, but granted self-government to the city. Berlin's transport infrastructure is highly complex, providing a diverse range of urban mobility. [235], The cuisine and culinary offerings of Berlin vary greatly. In addition, around 20 news agencies, more than 90 regional daily newspapers and their websites, as well as the Berlin offices of more than 22 national publications such as Der Spiegel, and Die Zeit reinforce the capital's position as Germany's epicenter for influential debate. Travelers can access all modes of transport with a single ticket. EKBO is a member of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD) and Union Evangelischer Kirchen (UEK). [261] The city of Berlin operates more than 60 public indoor and outdoor swimming pools. In front of it is the Neptunbrunnen, a fountain featuring a mythological group of Tritons, personifications of the four main Prussian rivers, and Neptune on top of it. Berlin is known for its numerous cultural institutions, many of which enjoy international reputation. At the end of 2018, the city-state of Berlin had 3.75 million registered inhabitants[98] in an area of 891.1 km2 (344.1 sq mi). In most of the inner districts of Berlin power lines are underground cables; only a 380 kV and a 110 kV line, which run from Reuter substation to the urban Autobahn, use overhead lines. [82] Snowfall mainly occurs from December through March. [71], Berlin is in northeastern Germany, in an area of low-lying marshy woodlands with a mainly flat topography, part of the vast Northern European Plain which stretches all the way from northern France to western Russia. [187], The Französisches Gymnasium Berlin, which was founded in 1689 to teach the children of Huguenot refugees, offers (German/French) instruction. Each borough is governed by a borough council (Bezirksamt) consisting of five councilors (Bezirksstadträte) including the borough's mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister). Le cabinet médical participe à la grève nationale des médecins pour défendre vos intérêts et pouvoir continuer à vous soigner correctement. Berlin is home to 44 theaters and stages. [254] The IAAF World Championships in Athletics was held in the Olympiastadion in 2009. All four Allies shared administrative responsibilities for Berlin. The nearby New Synagogue is the center of Jewish culture. The center portion was demolished in 1945 to stop the Red Army from crossing. Normally, Article 29 of the Basic Law stipulates that a state fusion requires a federal law. Starting in early 1943, many were shipped to concentration camps, such as Auschwitz. Hitler envisioned Berlin's renewal projects were to turn the city into the new capital of the Greater Germanic Reich. "Cette fois, avant le début . [15][16][17][18] Its economy is based on high-tech firms and the service sector, encompassing a diverse range of creative industries, startup companies, research facilities, media corporations, and convention venues. The Gendarmenmarkt is a neoclassical square in Berlin, the name of which derives from the headquarters of the famous Gens d'armes regiment located here in the 18th century. [258] The Mellowpark in Köpenick is one of the biggest skate and BMX parks in Europe. For example, the borough of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg has a partnership with the Israeli city of Kiryat Yam. It is also the 4th ranked region in former East Germany after Jena, Dresden and Potsdam.[164][165]. [51] In fields such as architecture, painting and cinema new forms of artistic styles were invented. The metropolis experienced its heyday as a major world capital and was known for its leadership roles in science, technology, arts, the humanities, city planning, film, higher education, government, and industries. The borough of Spandau lies partly within the Berlin Glacial Valley and partly on the Nauen Plain, which stretches to the west of Berlin. [253] The city hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics and was the host city for the 2006 FIFA World Cup final. Adresse : 7 Boulevard Katherine Traissac, 24100 Bergerac. Berlin has a long history of gay culture, and is an important birthplace of the LGBT rights movement. Other DAX-listed companies headquartered in Berlin are the property company Deutsche Wohnen and the online food delivery service Delivery Hero. Typical street scene at Simon-Dach-Straße. The annual Berlin International Film Festival (Berlinale) with around 500,000 admissions is considered to be the largest publicly attended film festival in the world. Berlin participates in international city associations such as the Union of the Capitals of the European Union, Eurocities, Network of European Cities of Culture, Metropolis, Summit Conference of the World's Major Cities, and Conference of the World's Capital Cities. Il n'aurait "probablement pas" joué un autre tournoi du Grand Chelem avec une telle blessure mais à Paris, Rafael Nadal ne se voyait pas abandonner sans se battre. Friedrichstraße was Berlin's legendary street during the Golden Twenties. Berlin's two largest energy provider for private households are the Swedish firm Vattenfall and the Berlin-based company GASAG. ", "In Germany, a Jewish community now thrives", "Berlins jüdische Gotteshäuser vor der Pogromnacht 1938: Untergang einer religiösen Vielfalt", "Verfassung von Berlin – Abschnitt IV: Die Regierung", "Berliner Haushalt Finanzsenator bleibt trotz sprudelnder Steuereinnahmen vorsichtig", "German capital Berlin to get first female mayor", "Städtepartnerschaftsverein Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg e. V.", "Gesetz über die Feststellung des Bundeshaushaltsplans für das Haushaltsjahr 2014", "Berlin hat so wenig Arbeitslose wie seit 24 Jahren nicht", "In Berlin gibt es so viele Beschäftigte wie nie zuvor", "Immer mehr Konzerne suchen den Spirit Berlins", "The Science and Technology Park Berlin-Adlershof", "Arbeitslosenquote nach Bundesländern in Deutschland 2018 | Statista", "Berlin's 'poor but sexy' appeal turning city into European Silicon Valley", "Berlin outranks London in start-up investment", "DB Schenker to concentrate control functions in Frankfurt am Main", "A German Publisher Is Winning the Internet", "Bayer Worldwide: Activities and Directions to the German Sites", "Berlin Welcomes Record Numbers of Tourists and Convention Participants in 2014", "Berlin No.1 city and Germany No.2 country in new ICCA rankings", "Culture and Creative Industries Index Berlin-Brandenburg 2015", "Quality of Living City Ranking | Mercer", "Munich Named The Most Livable City In The World", "München rutscht ab: Städte-Studie sieht Berlin auf dem Spitzenplatz", "Berlins Arbeitsmarkt boomt – aber die Armut bleibt groß", "Politik national » Nachrichten zu Bund und Ländern | Handelsblatt", "Wie der Westhafen Berlins Güterverkehr in die Zukunft bringt", "Whatever happened to Berlin's deserted 'ghost' airport? The name Berlin has its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of today's Berlin, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl- ("swamp"). It partners with major multinational companies such as Siemens, Deutsche Telekom, and SAP. Berlin became a scientific, artistic and philosophical centre of Europe during the Age of Enlightenment and the reign of king Frederick the Great, and subsequently a centre for Neoclassicism and liberal revolution. Its two main locations are on Potsdamer Straße and on Unter den Linden. [28] 1237 is considered the founding date of the city. In addition to the university-affiliated libraries, the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin is a major research library. A well-preserved specimen of Tyrannosaurus rex and the early bird Archaeopteryx are at display as well.[214]. [212], The Jewish Museum has a standing exhibition on two millennia of German-Jewish history. The largest visitor groups are from Germany, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain and the United States. The West Berlin system in operation and open for public use until 1963, and for government use until 1972. One of Germany's sixteen constituent states, Berlin is surrounded by the State of Brandenburg and contiguous with Potsdam, Brandenburg's . [198] The Hertie School, a private public policy school located in Mitte, has more than 900 students and doctoral students. Berlin (/bɜːrˈlɪn/ bur-LIN, German: [bɛʁˈliːn] (listen))[7] is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population. Berlin has numerous museums, galleries, libraries, orchestras, and sporting events. [132], The Federal Chancellery building, seat of the Chancellor of Germany, Schloss Bellevue, seat of the President of Germany, Prussian House of Lords, the seat of the Bundesrat of Germany, Headquarters of the Federal Intelligence Service. The sectors of the Western Allies (the United States, the United Kingdom, and France) formed West Berlin, while the Soviet sector formed East Berlin.[55]. [174] The planned initial capacity of around 27 million passengers per year[175] is to be further developed to bring the terminal capacity to approximately 55 million per year by 2040.[176]. The Komische Oper has traditionally specialized in operettas and is also at Unter den Linden. Winters are cool with average high temperatures of 3 °C (37 °F) and lows of −2 to 0 °C (28 to 32 °F). Berlin has more than 80 mosques,[121] ten synagogues,[122] and two Buddhist temples. Le cabinet médical Bergerac Cyrano n'est plus en mesure d'accepter de nouveaux patients. [41] Many other immigrants came from Bohemia, Poland, and Salzburg. [204] An innovative music, dance and art scene has developed in the 21st century. [23] Since the 2000s, Berlin has seen the emergence of a cosmopolitan entrepreneurial scene.[24]. [96] To the west of Potsdamer Platz is the Kulturforum, which houses the Gemäldegalerie, and is flanked by the Neue Nationalgalerie and the Berliner Philharmonie. [136] From 2012 to 2015 Berlin, as a German state, had the highest annual employment growth rate. Two similarly designed cathedrals border it, the Französischer Dom with its observation platform and the Deutscher Dom. The Deutsche Oper opened in 1912 in Charlottenburg. Its Zoological Garden is the most visited zoo in Europe and one of the most popular worldwide. Through the disposal of construction debris they surpassed Teufelsberg (120.1 m or 394 ft), which itself was made up of rubble from the ruins of the Second World War. [needs update]. The Berlin-Brandenburg capital region is one of the most prolific centers of higher education and research in Germany and Europe. Other professional team sport clubs include: This article is about the German city. Since 1989, the transport network has been developed extensively; however, it still contains early 20th century traits, such as the U1. In 2014, 67 airlines served 163 destinations in 50 countries from Berlin. [80], Summers are warm and sometimes humid with average high temperatures of 22–25 °C (72–77 °F) and lows of 12–14 °C (54–57 °F). Historically, 67 Nobel Prize winners are affiliated with the Berlin-based universities. Restoration and construction of a main entrance to all museums, as well as reconstruction of the Stadtschloss continues. Similarly to other German cities, there is an increasing quantity of intercity bus services. [140] [152] The city recorded 28.7 million overnight hotel stays and 11.9 million hotel guests in 2014. [239][240], Many local foods originated from north German culinary traditions and include rustic and hearty dishes with pork, goose, fish, peas, beans, cucumbers, or potatoes. Berlin is well known for its highly developed bicycle lane system. [108] Boroughs of Berlin with a significant number of migrants or foreign born population are Mitte, Neukölln and Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. [191] A record number of 175,651 students were enrolled in the winter term of 2015/16. [70], In 1996, there was an unsuccessful attempt of unifying the states of Berlin and Brandenburg. [75], Berlin has an oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb);[76] the eastern part of the city has a slight continental influence (Dfb), one of the changes being the annual rainfall according to the air masses and the greater abundance during a period of the year. After Kristallnacht in 1938, thousands of the city's Jews were imprisoned in the nearby Sachsenhausen concentration camp. The Science and Business Park in Adlershof is the largest technology park in Germany measured by revenue. In 2022, American electric car manufacturer Tesla opened its first European Gigafactory outside the city borders in Grünheide (Mark), Brandenburg. The Bauhaus Archive is a museum of 20th-century design from the famous Bauhaus school. Therefore, many international journalists, bloggers, and writers live and work in the city. Several professional clubs representing the most important spectator team sports in Germany have their base in Berlin. The Brücke Museum features one of the largest collection of works by artist of the early 20th-century expressionist movement. [56] In 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was founded in West Germany and eventually included all of the American, British and French zones, excluding those three countries' zones in Berlin, while the Marxist-Leninist German Democratic Republic was proclaimed in East Germany. [74] The Müggelberge at 114.7 meters (376 ft) elevation is the highest natural point and the lowest is the Spektesee in Spandau, at 28.1 meters (92 ft) elevation. [citation needed] In 2012, around 7,600 mostly beige colored taxicabs were in service. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, many historic buildings in Mitte, the former city center of East Berlin, were illegally occupied and re-built by young squatters and became a fertile ground for underground and counterculture gatherings. The modern fast-food version of the doner kebab sandwich which evolved in Berlin in the 1970s, has since become a favorite dish in Germany and elsewhere in the world. The Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church has eight parishes of different sizes in Berlin. [223] The central boroughs are home to many nightclubs, including the Watergate, Tresor and Berghain. The earliest evidence of settlements in the area of today's Berlin are remnants of a house foundation dated to 1174, found in excavations in Berlin Mitte,[27] and a wooden beam dated from approximately 1192. The three largest universities combined have approximately 103,000 enrolled students. Nearby on Tauentzienstraße is KaDeWe, claimed to be continental Europe's largest department store. West Berlin was surrounded by East German territory, and East Germany proclaimed the Eastern part as its capital, a move the western powers did not recognize. Potsdamer Platz is an entire quarter built from scratch after the Wall came down. The dialect is now seen more like a sociolect, largely through increased immigration and trends among the educated population to speak standard German in everyday life. West Berlin officially remained an occupied city, but it politically was aligned with the Federal Republic of Germany despite West Berlin's geographic isolation. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany. Prendre RDV. As of 2015[update] the five largest power plants measured by capacity are the Heizkraftwerk Reuter West, the Heizkraftwerk Lichterfelde, the Heizkraftwerk Mitte, the Heizkraftwerk Wilmersdorf, and the Heizkraftwerk Charlottenburg. Berlin is also home to three World Heritage Sites: Museum Island; the Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin; and the Modernism Housing Estates. The site of Checkpoint Charlie, one of the most renowned crossing points of the Berlin Wall, is still preserved. [34][35] This protest was not successful and the citizenry lost many of its political and economic privileges. Spandau is first mentioned in 1197 and Köpenick in 1209, although these areas did not join Berlin until 1920. The city's main venue for musical theater performances are the Theater am Potsdamer Platz and Theater des Westens (built in 1895). [28] The first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. [206] In 2005, Berlin was named "City of Design" by UNESCO and has been part of the Creative Cities Network ever since.[207][20]. Its musical director is Daniel Barenboim. It does not keep records of members of other religious organizations which may collect their own church tax, in this way. Margraviate of Brandenburg 1237-1618  Brandenburg-Prussia 1618-1701  Kingdom of Prussia 1701-1867  North German Confederation 1867-1871  German Empire 1871-1918  Weimar Republic 1918-1933  Nazi Germany 1933-1945  Allied-occupied Germany 1945-1949  West Germany 1949-1990  East Germany 1949-1990  Germany 1990-Present. Of Berlin's twelve boroughs, five bear a (partly) Slavic-derived name: Pankow (the most populous), Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Treptow-Köpenick and Spandau (named Spandow until 1878). Connexion Saisissez votre email ou téléphone: Suivant . As of 2014[update], Berlin had 878 schools, teaching 340,658 students in 13,727 classes and 56,787 trainees in businesses and elsewhere. The total annual federal budget managed by the German government exceeded €310 ($375) billion in 2013. A series of lakes also feeds into the upper Spree, which flows through the Großer Müggelsee in eastern Berlin.[73]. Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. It is a transhipment and storage site for inland shipping with a growing importance.[169]. The Social Democratic Party (SPD) and The Left (Die Linke) took control of the city government after the 2001 state election and won another term in the 2006 state election. The Fernsehturm (TV tower) at Alexanderplatz in Mitte is among the tallest structures in the European Union at 368 m (1,207 ft). [71] Both share a common history, dialect and culture and in 2020, there are over 225.000 residents of Brandenburg that commute to Berlin. The unemployment rate reached a 24-year low in November 2015 and stood at 10.0%. The Bundesrat ("federal council", performing the function of an upper house) is the representation of the 16 constituent states (Länder) of Germany and has its seat at the former Prussian House of Lords. Mon compte (connexion) Dr DAPHNIET Floriane - Médecin généraliste - Cabinet Médical Bergerac Cyrano - 24100 BERGERAC. [25] Other landmarks include the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag building, Potsdamer Platz, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, the Berlin Wall Memorial, the East Side Gallery, the Berlin Victory Column, Berlin Cathedral, and the Berlin Television Tower, the tallest structure in Germany.
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